On The Contrast Between Appearance And Reality

Get Email Updates Email this Topic Print this Page

prothero
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 12:37 pm
@Pythagorean,
[QUOTE=Pythagorean;133274] If we are to grant an objective reality to objects, does that not imply that there is an objective space and time? And isn't Newton refuted on this point by modern comological conceptions? [/QUOTE] That would not be my understanding or conception of it. The classical mechanical conception of time and space as an independent rigid reality in which objects are placed, I think is now understood as incorrect but rigid independent time and space is not the same as "objective time and space". Time and space are now seen as flexible and elastic and as concepts which are really a relationship between events and "objects". This changed conception of time and space and the relationship between them and "objects" does not eliminate "objective reality" merely alters our conception of it or our ability to "know it". (Modern physics I think vindicates Kant in many ways) at least in the realm of the subatomic.


[QUOTE=Pythagorean;133274] There is no such thing as an objective measure of time or space, so how can we assign realism to any objects which must occupy a certain time and space??? [/QUOTE] Measurement of time and space are indeed observer dependent, relative not fixed. That still does not mean that there is not some reality that gives rise to the perception or the measurement just that the relationship between observer and observation are more complex than classical mechanics would indicate.


[QUOTE=Pythagorean;133274] There has been a revolution in modern science stating the indeterminability of the physical. Fundamental uncertainty has been proven already. [/QUOTE] There are limits which seem to be inherent in our ability to measure and locate the "physical". The point particle theory of matter it seems is incorrect (some form of vibrating string is the current conceptual theory). Each observation gives rise to a specific value but a probabilistic not a deterministic pattern emerges over a sequence of observations (stochastic probability, not random chance). This in no way interferes with our ability to place a physical satellite "an object" in geostationary orbit around the earth with precise predictability "located in time and space". One should not overemphasize the gap between perception conception and reality.
 
Zetherin
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 01:05 pm
@Pythagorean,
Pythagorean;133274 wrote:
If we are to grant an objective reality to objects, does that not imply that there is an objective space and time? And isn't Newton refuted on this point by modern comological conceptions?

There is no such thing as an objective measure of time or space, so how can we assign realism to any objects which must occupy a certain time and space???

There has been a revolution in modern science stating the indeterminability of the physical. Fundamental uncertainty has been proven already.


Certainty has nothing to do with the matter.

Let's flesh some things out there. The world, on a subatomic level, may be indeterminate. In fact, quantum theory tells us it may be. Let us suppose it is. Let us suppose that, on a subatomic level, we really can't know where each molecule is contained on any object (space), or when it is contained there (time). We can, at best, hypothesize with good reason, where things are, and when they are there.

You believe since we may not be able to be certain about these things, that these things do not exist? I think you all here are confusing what we can know, what we can be certain of, or what we can perceive, with what is. No matter if we can perceive the world on this ultimate (which I suppose you mean 'fundamental level'), or be certain of the world, it has nothing to do with what real(ly) exists. The world is real, and exists, no matter who or what perceives it. And modern science does not tell us otherwise. It seems some of you think it does, but you are wrong.
 
Pythagorean
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 01:15 pm
@prothero,
prothero;133282 wrote:
That would not be my understanding or conception of it. The classical mechanical conception of time and space as an independent rigid reality in which objects are placed, I think is now understood as incorrect but rigid independent time and space is not the same as "objective time and space". Time and space are now seen as flexible and elastic and as concepts which are really a relationship between events and "objects". This changed conception of time and space and the relationship between them and "objects" does not eliminate "objective reality" merely alters our conception of it or our ability to "know it". (Modern physics I think vindicates Kant in many ways) at least in the realm of the subatomic.


You still need a reference point to fix your realism. What is the nature of this altered conception of objective reality? More importantly, how could even this altered modern conception of reality remain open to future progress if it is constrained by your realism?

I think you are understating the demise of Newtonian physics.

[QUOTE=prothero;133282]Measurement of time and space are indeed observer dependent, relative not fixed. That still does not mean that there is not some reality that gives rise to the perception or the measurement just that the relationship between observer and observation are more complex than classical mechanics would indicate.[/QUOTE]

'Some reality' does not furnish us with a basis for naive or representational realism. It seems to me that if naive realism were correct there could be no scientific progress or at least we could have no knowledge of such progress. Science exists only in the minds of men. 'Science' does not exist in the universe. This is elementary epistemology.


[QUOTE=prothero;133282]There are limits which seem to be inherent in our ability to measure and locate the "physical". The point particle theory of matter it seems is incorrect (some form of vibrating string is the current conceptual theory). Each observation gives rise to a specific value but a probabilistic not a deterministic pattern emerges over a sequence of observations (stochastic probability, not random chance). This in no way interferes with our ability to place a physical satellite "an object" in geostationary orbit around the earth with precise predictability "located in time and space".[/QUOTE]

I would argue that the satellites are not located in any time and space they are relative to a frame of reference which places earth at the center of the universe.
 
Fil Albuquerque
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 01:22 pm
@Zetherin,
Zetherin;133285 wrote:
Certainty has nothing to do with the matter.

Let's flesh some things out there. The world, on a subatomic level, may be indeterminate. In fact, quantum theory tells us it may be. Let us suppose it is. Let us suppose that, on a subatomic level, we really can't know where each molecule is contained on any object (space), or when it is contained there (time). We can, at best, hypothesize with good reason, where things are, and when they are there.

You believe since we may not be able to be certain about these things, that these things do not exist? I think you all here are confusing what we can know, what we can be certain of, or what we can perceive, with what is. No matter if we can perceive the world on this ultimate (which I suppose you mean 'fundamental level'), or be certain of the world, it has nothing to do with what real(ly) exists. The world is real, and exists, no matter who or what perceives it. And modern science does not tell us otherwise. It seems some of you think it does, but you are wrong.


They exist... to an Observer in a certain state and Time and depending upon the relation between them...but they are not objects out of social context or personnel context...they are Meta-objects, aldo, they are referred as if tthey were objects of course !
 
Pythagorean
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 01:42 pm
@Fil Albuquerque,
Fil. Albuquerque;133291 wrote:
They exist... to an Observer in a certain state and Time and depending upon the relation between them...but they are not objects out of social context or personnel context...they are Meta-objects, aldo, they are referred as if tthey were objects of course !


Yes, and this is what allows us to make scientific progress in the first place. Only if science becomes complete, and only then, can we say that we posess knowledge of the physical world.

And precisely as far as we are realists with regard to the physical world we are in the dark as to the nature of these things. Realism is just such a limit.
 
kennethamy
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 01:48 pm
@MMP2506,
MMP2506;133278 wrote:
Right, to us, there would be no object.

It doesn't matter if the object exists or not if we are unable to experience it, and it may be the case that there are things that exist that we can't experience. Do you not concede to this possibility?



Whether it matters to us is irrelevant. And, of course I concede that possibility. I was the one who asserted it. In fact there probably are such objects. Objects so far distant, that the light from them will probably never reach us is time for us to experience them.
 
jeeprs
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 03:45 pm
@kennethamy,
kennethamy;133180 wrote:
But what has that to do with the existence of that object? Of course, all objects have effects, (gravitational, etc.) but they need not be on anyone who could be aware of them.


I am not using 'the existence of the object' as the basis for every argument in this thread. The basic argument is about whether a distinction can be made between reality and appearance. All of those are are arguing for the case say that it can because in some sense, reality is a function of perception. Your counter argument seems to be 'common sense tells us the objects are not a function of perception'. And that is about it.
 
Reconstructo
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 03:53 pm
@Pythagorean,
At the moment it seems to me that man can only think in unities, which are concepts/objects. A thing is only a thing because it is a unification of qualia. I'm still reading Kant so I'll just speak for myself here.
If we can only think in unities/concepts/objects, then that's that. We have all the reason in the world and all the world for a reason to believe that there is something that grounds our objective/social existence. At the same time we know that our experience of this something is chopped into unities, or re-synthesized into unities, whether we like it or not. We can infer that reality-in-itself can only be known through this cookie cutter known as the human mind. Representational or transcendental realism....
 
jeeprs
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 04:14 pm
@Zetherin,
Zetherin;133285 wrote:
The world is real, and exists, no matter who or what perceives it. And modern science does not tell us otherwise. It seems some of you think it does, but you are wrong.


This is the exact belief that modern physics has cast doubt on. This is why Einstein was so perplexed by quantum mechanics. His statements, 'I refuse to accept that God plays dice' and his frequent objections to 'spooky action at a distance' arose directly from the interpretations of QM by Bohr, Heisenberg, Schrodinger and others. The independent existence of reality and the basis of physical realism are exactly what has been called into question by physics.

So 'we who are wrong' are actually in pretty good company. The question as to what the terms 'real' and 'exist' mean are still wide open. So - I don't claim to have an answer, but I think 'we' have a question! And it seems that the naive realists argument throughout this whole thread is simply to assert, as you have, that appearance is reality and that there is no reason to doubt it.

At least have a look at the following titles, parts of which are available on Google books:

Quantum Enigma: Physics Encounters Consciousness Bruce Rosenblum, Fred Kuttner

On Physics and Philosophy Bernard D'Espagnet

Neither are heavily laden with mathematical physics and are written for a non-technical audience. I have read sections from each and recommend them. The authors of Quantum Enigma both met Einstein, and recall that when they went to see him, all he wanted to talk about was the doubt that had been cast over physical realism by QM (this part of the book is in the Amazon preview). They didn't know at the time why he thought it was such a big deal. But it is a big deal.
 
prothero
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 04:42 pm
@Pythagorean,
[QUOTE=Pythagorean;133288] I think you are understating the demise of Newtonian physics. [/QUOTE] Of course you do and I think you are overstating it. In fact Newtonian physics still is the basis for almost all technology and engineering in the realm of ordinary experience. It is only in the presence of extremely high relative velocities, accelerations and gravitational fields that general relativity comes into play. Quantum mechanics only applies in the realm of the very small. In the scale of ordinary human experience and human existence Newtonian physics still rules the day.


Science and our minds do not impose ordered rationality on the universe, they discover it. We do not impose mathematical solutions on reality we discover the mathematical laws which are the basis on which the universe operates. There is a truth and there is a reality which is independent of human perception. Our minds, our experience and our reason offer us an insight into this truth of this reality and we call this knowledge. I am arguing against perfect knowledge of reality and of truth but I am also arguing against the notion that reality and truth depend entirely on human perception. There is human reality which is entirely perceptual and experiential (but still seemingly a pretty useful and accurate picture) and then there is a "reality" which is independent of human existence entirely.


[QUOTE=Pythagorean;133288] I would argue that the satellites are not located in any time and space they are relative to a frame of reference which places earth at the center of the universe. [/QUOTE] From a practical or pragmatic point of view, we can both "find" the satellite with our GPS or watch satellite TV in our homes. You can argue they are not located in time or space but most people are going to be puzzled by that assertion. True time and space do not have rigid independent existence of the objects and events which occur in time and space but I already acknowledged the Cartesian notion of rigid independent time and space is not "reality" merely a mental construct. Time and space do not have independent existence of energy, matter and events. On the other hand time and space do not depend entirely on human existence or human perception either.

I do not see how this viewpoint impedes scientific progress. It merely reflects our current understanding. I am willing to change it if presented with evidence that it is fundamentally flawed. Newtonian physics is not wrong it is a special case of General relativity. Even if the Grand Unified Theory or the Theory of Everything is achieved questions of god, free will, determinism, ethics, aesthetics and values will remain. Space and time are not independent rigid and fixed; matter does not consist of inert, insensate, point particles, so what? Space and time may not even be continuous but instead are discrete and quantitized, so what? Our perceptions and conceptions of reality are limited by our senses, our reason and the construction of our minds, how else could it be? Limited, fuzzy, incomplete and partial as they may be, our conceptions are pretty powerful and pretty useful. Are there aspects of reality (especially human experience) which our senses do not reveal and our science cannot discover, I am fairly certain there are.
 
kennethamy
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 04:52 pm
@jeeprs,
jeeprs;133339 wrote:
I am not using 'the existence of the object' as the basis for every argument in this thread. The basic argument is about whether a distinction can be made between reality and appearance. All of those are are arguing for the case say that it can because in some sense, reality is a function of perception. Your counter argument seems to be 'common sense tells us the objects are not a function of perception'. And that is about it.


Do you mean by "reality is a function of perception" that what is real is depends on perception. Although I am not sure what you mean by that, if it implies that whether an oasis is real or an illusion depends on whether it is perceived, I certainly don't agree with that. What would your argument for that be? I don't think I mentioned anything about commonsense. Of course, some things are real (not imaginary or hallucinatory) and some only appear to be real. Mirages and the like. How we determine whether something is a mirage of an oases depend (roughly) on perception. But whether something is a mirage or an oasis does not. You have to distinguish the question, how we know that something is real or not, from the different question, whether something is real or not. We use perception to answer the first question, but, of course, perception has nothing to do with the second. The object is an oasis whether or not we perceive it.
 
prothero
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 04:54 pm
@jeeprs,
jeeprs;133351 wrote:
This is the exact belief that modern physics has cast doubt on. This is why Einstein was so perplexed by quantum mechanics. His statements, 'I refuse to accept that God plays dice' and his frequent objections to 'spooky action at a distance' arose directly from the interpretations of QM by Bohr, Heisenberg, Schrodinger and others. The independent existence of reality and the basis of physical realism are exactly what has been called into question by physics..
'Surely you are not asserting that before humans the moon and the universe did not "exist" and were not "real". It is true that I think that things do not "exist" and are not "real" except in relationship to other things or objects. It is also true that I think that primary reality is process "becoming" not "being" and that all events have a physical and a mental aspect (neutral monism or panpsychism). It is not true that I think nature depends entirely on humans to perceive it. Certainly reality as humans perceive it is altered by our mental experience but that is quite a different assertion. It may also be true that reality can be altered by perception not too different a notion than that of the causal efficacy of will (free will). Humans I would assert are not the only perceiving entities in the universe in fact I would argue that perception, mind is pervausive and a fundamental aspect of reality. If one means there is no reality without this kind of perception (interrelationship or interdependency) or mental aspect then I would agree. There are many forms of perception which are not sensory and which are not human.
 
pagan
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 04:57 pm
@jeeprs,
we are highly influenced by science. It is extremely useful. But might it not be extremely useless in other respects?

Science is built upon the test of fallibility. But this also means that science is potentially fallible by its own terms, in the sense that it may become impossible to test. (prof susskind recognises this potential intellectual catastrophe as quite possible). This is a different type of fallibility to the 'fallibility through testing' that yields better theories. On the contrary, if it happens it will be the end of testable theory.

The many worlds hypothesis for example, and the anthropomorphic principle. These are hardly obscure philosophical problems. But science is looking to put these theories forward and it looks quite possibly without the ability to test them.

This doesn't necessarily make them wrong. But if new theories do not yield new uses through new explanations that yield testable results that are different to competing theories ..... then what? Different theories that all predict the same measurements that can be made, while also predicting different measurements that cannot be made.

If our senses aren't complete, and our measuring apparatus isn't complete then where does that leave us? It leaves us with yet another loss in various meanings of the word objective .... that is quite clearly unravelling at the seams.

If the word objective unravels, what possible use is the phrase 'objective reality'? What does it mean to the person who uses it, who also understands its historical arc? Does it not necessarily mean a kind of metaphysical faith under such circumstances?
 
kennethamy
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 05:13 pm
@pagan,
pagan;133368 wrote:
we are highly influenced by science. It is extremely useful. But might it not be extremely useless in other respects?

Science is built upon the test of fallibility. But this also means that science is potentially fallible by its own terms, in the sense that it may become impossible to test. (prof susskind recognises this potential intellectual catastrophe as quite possible). This is a different type of fallibility to the 'fallibility through testing' that yields better theories. On the contrary, if it happens it will be the end of testable theory.

The many worlds hypothesis for example, and the anthropomorphic principle. These are hardly obscure philosophical problems. But science is looking to put these theories forward and it looks quite possibly without the ability to test them.

This doesn't necessarily make them wrong. But if new theories do not yield new uses through new explanations that yield testable results that are different to competing theories ..... then what? Different theories that all predict the same measurements that can be made, while also predicting different measurements that cannot be made.

If our senses aren't complete, and our measuring apparatus isn't complete then where does that leave us? It leaves us with yet another loss in various meanings of the word objective .... that is quite clearly unravelling at the seams.

If the word objective unravels, what possible use is the phrase 'objective reality'? What does it mean to the person who uses it, who also understands its historical arc? Does it not necessarily mean a kind of metaphysical faith under such circumstances?


The fallibility of science is not a defect or weakness of science, it is a great merit and strength of science. For the fallibility of science means that science is not dogmatic, and so, distinguishes it from religions which is dogmatic, and is not, to its practitioners, fallible. It is the fallibility of science that allows science to be self-correcting, and allows it to approach the truth. Science, of course, corrects itself by the very process by which we know it makes errors. We know it makes errors by perception, and we correct those same error by perception.

Objective reality is what is not affected by anyone's beliefs about realities, or their fears, or their wishes about reality. That is what the phrase "objective reality" means when I use it. It is what exists whether I believe it exists, or want it to exist, or not. It is what I have to confront and deal with every day of my life. What can be useless about that?
 
prothero
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 05:23 pm
@jeeprs,
jeeprs;133351 wrote:
This is the exact belief that modern physics has cast doubt on. This is why Einstein was so perplexed by quantum mechanics. His statements, 'I refuse to accept that God plays dice' and his frequent objections to 'spooky action at a distance' .
Gee, I do not know Jeeprs

I thought Einstein was disturbed by the indeterminate nature of quantum mechanics (like rolling a dice instead of being able to reliably predict).
I also though Einstein was disturbed by the discrete and discontinous picture of reality presented by quantum mechanics because general relativity predicts point particles and continuous space time. A lot of people assert that gravity is action at a distance. I still do not know what to make of quantum pairing and quantum entanglement. Certainly the rigid space time of Cartesian and Newtonian physics and the point particle theory of atomism and matter are not entirely accurate and adequate concepts for "reality". I am not buying naive realism or idealism here.
 
Pythagorean
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 05:35 pm
@prothero,
prothero;133359 wrote:
Of course you do and I think you are overstating it. In fact Newtonian physics still is the basis for almost all technology and engineering in the realm of ordinary experience. It is only in the presence of extremely high relative velocities, accelerations and gravitational fields that general relativity comes into play. Quantum mechanics only applies in the realm of the very small. In the scale of ordinary human experience and human existence Newtonian physics still rules the day.


I thought Steven Hawking proposed a theory that states the entire universe is governed by Quantum Mechanical behaviour? Is this now disproven by you?

prothero;133359 wrote:


No one is asserting that science is not a miracle of clarity and beneficience. I certainly never said such a thing. You are implying that because science provides these things that metaphysical discussions somehow take away the greatness of human science. But this is a non sequitor.

As far as the gap between appearance and reality the size of such a gap, whether it is 'large' or 'small' is meaningless. That there is a gap is all that theoretical discussion requires and it satisfies the philosophical conditions of my argument sufficiently.

[QUOTE=prothero;133359]Science and our minds do not impose ordered rationality on the universe, they discover it. We do not impose mathematical solutions on reality we discover the mathematical laws which are the basis on which the universe operates. There is a truth and there is a reality which is independent of human perception. Our minds, our experience and our reason offer us an insight into this truth of this reality and we call this knowledge. I am arguing against perfect knowledge of reality and of truth but I am also arguing against the notion that reality and truth depend entirely on human perception. There is human reality which is entirely perceptual and experiential (but still seemingly a pretty useful and accurate picture) and then there is a "reality" which is independent of human existence entirely. [/QUOTE]

You lay out a metaphysics of reason as discovered in the order of nature through the laws of physics. But you don't seem to realize that this is the consequence of your position. You fundamentally misconstrue philosophy itself, it seems.


[QUOTE=prothero;133359]From a practical or pragmatic point of view, we can both "find" the satellite with our GPS or watch satellite TV in our homes. You can argue they are not located in time or space but most people are going to be puzzled by that assertion. True time and space do not have rigid independent existence of the objects and events which occur in time and space but I already acknowledged the Cartesian notion of rigid independent time and space is not "reality" merely a mental construct. Time and space do not have independent existence of energy, matter and events. On the other hand time and space do not depend entirely on human existence or human perception either.[/QUOTE]

What most people think is entirely irrelevant. By accepting that there is a reality that is logically prior to human experience you are required to ground your position in philosophical theory. Of course there are many philosophers who hold similar views, but this is not the issue.


[QUOTE=prothero;133359]I do not see how this viewpoint impedes scientific progress. It merely reflects our current understanding. I am willing to change it if presented with evidence that it is fundamentally flawed. Newtonian physics is not wrong it is a special case of General relativity. Even if the Grand Unified Theory or the Theory of Everything is achieved questions of god, free will, determinism, ethics, aesthetics and values will remain. Space and time are not independent rigid and fixed; matter does not consist of inert, insensate, point particles, so what? Space and time may not even be continuous but instead are discrete and quantitized, so what? Our perceptions and conceptions of reality are limited by our senses, our reason and the construction of our minds, how else could it be? Limited, fuzzy, incomplete and partial as they may be, our conceptions are pretty powerful and pretty useful. Are there aspects of reality (especially human experience) which our senses do not reveal and our science cannot discover, I am fairly certain there are. [/QUOTE]

You are missing the conditions that science faces, the conditions that science must recognize if it is to proceed in an orderly and self-aware manner. Science should be mindful that it can never be completed. The limits placed on science are the extent to which we grant as real the things that science treats of. Without acknowledging the constrast between appearance and reality science would have no objective because progress ultimately depends upon the refinement of our perceptions. Realism will always impede this refinement; in order to progress we must know where and how we are limited. And this is a philosophical task.
 
longknowledge
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 05:35 pm
@kennethamy,
kennethamy;133296 wrote:
Whether it matters to us is irrelevant. And, of course I concede that possibility. I was the one who asserted it. In fact there probably are such objects. Objects so far distant, that the light from them will probably never reach us is [SIC] time for us to experience them.

All of this discussion about "objects," "appearance," and "reality" reflects a confusion resulting from certain assumptions that remain unstated.

First there are no "objects" unless there are "subjects" to experience them.

Second, an "object" is anything that a "subject" can experience. Thus, a sensation can be an object. A memory can be an object. A thought can be an object. A hallucination can be an object. A dream can be an object. Etcetera...

Third, the Oxford English dictionary defines "appearance" as "the action of coming forward into view or becoming visible." Therefore, an "appearance" is a visual phenomenon. For instance, when I "look at a star" what I am experiencing is the result of the reception by my eyes of the light that emanated from the star at some time in the past, depending on how far away the star is. (This is true of our local star, the Sun, where the delay is around 8 minutes, plus or minus, depending on where the Earth is in its orbit around the Sun.)

Now the light from the star passes through the pupil of the eye and if the eye is properly focused, it will be projected onto the retina, where it will be received by various sensory nerve cells and cause nerve impulses to be sent along the axons of these nerves to the brain. There, the electrical impulses result in the release of chemicals by the dendrites of the nerve cells and these chemicals are transmitted across the gaps or "synapses" between the dendrites of the sensory nerve cells and the dendrites of the nerve cells in the brain. Then, by a process that is still not understood, the resulting "activity" in the brain results in a the "appearance" of a "visual object" to a "subject" or person. Thus the "appearance" of the "visual object" is dependent on a continual reception of light by the eye and a continual transmittal of nerve impulses from the eye to the brain.

Then, having experienced the "visual object" or "appearance," the person may recall that such an "appearance" corresponds to what they have learned in the past to call a "star". And at that moment the "object" they are experiencing is a recollection or memory of the thought "That is a star."

Now you could make the analogy that the memory was a "memorial object" that "appeared" to the "subject" or person having it, just as you could say that the "sound" of a bell ringing is an "auditory object" that "appeared" to the "subject" who hears it. But this is a "figurative" use of the word "appeared."

Fourth, the "appearances" of the "visual object" and the "memorial object" are both "real appearances" to the person or "subject." They are phenomena that occur in the reality of their lives.

Finally, because of the dominance of the scientific worldview in our civilization, the words "object," "appearance," and "reality" have taken on meanings resulting from their use in scientific descriptions of our experience that are based on metaphysical assumptions that may not correspond to those of the individual person.

That is, the nuclear reactions that are "believed," however justified, by scientists to occur in the stars resulting in the light that emanated from the star minutes or eons ago, do not make an "appearance" in our lives, or even in the lives of scientists, the way that the visual objects or memorial objects do. These nuclear reactions are thoughts or "theoretical objects" within the sciences of Physics and Chemistry. However, to the extent that they occur as thoughts, or "theoretical objects" to a scientist or any other person who can understand them, they are "real objecxts" within the reality that is the life of that person or scientist.

Thus "sights," "memories," "sounds," and "thoughts" are "objects" that are "real" because they make "real appearances" in the "radical reality" that is "My Life," your life, the life of the "subject" that each one of us is, even if we are scientists. [I had to get that in at the end.]

:flowers:

By the way, I read an article in the latest Discovery magazine about an architect who lost his "inner eye" after an operation. He was able to experience visual phenomena using his eyes in a normal fashion, but he couldn't "visualize" a building he was designing with his "inner eye," even though he could describe its structure in words. After a while he got his "inner vision" back, but found out that he could now make his way around the objects in a room by using his inner eye to "see" the objects in the room, even if the room was pitch black. Interesting, huh?
 
jeeprs
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 05:39 pm
@Pythagorean,
The question 'what is real' is still open after all this discussion. The perspective offered by the discoveries of QM and relativity both cast doubt on the idea of the 'mind-independent reality' and the absolute nature of objective existence.

Certainly there is a difference between things that are merely illusory such as unicorns and mirages, and things that actually exist, such as horses and oases. But the way in which empirical objects exist and the nature of the human reality within which they occur are still fundamentally mysterious. I don't think people like this fact and will generally argue against it by instinct. We like to feel that questions like this have been settled. The 'enlightenment project' of modern science and the rigorous interrogation of nature were supposed to have settled it once and for all. In fact, many of the questions that philosophy grappled with in the distant past have become even more urgent because of all of this. We don't know the ultimate nature of matter and can't account for the existence of most of the mass of the Universe. Both these are simple facts, not philosophical arguments, but they have profound philosophical implications.

Now all these questions are far too profound to be settled, I think. My feeling is that the world is actually on the brink of a revolution which is going to be far greater even than the Newtonian 'scientific revolution'. Most of us are still living in the Newtonian-Galilean picture of the Universe. But it is loosing coherence, and this is showing up, not just in science, but in multiple ways in Western civilization itself. We are going through a revolution in our understanding of the universe. But this is just too big an issue to really deal with here.
 
kennethamy
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 05:49 pm
@jeeprs,
jeeprs;133385 wrote:
The question 'what is real' is still open after all this discussion. .


The question, "What is real?" is ambiguous. It may mean either:

1. What is reality?
2. What things are real?

Which of these do you mean?

The answer to the first is, what is independent of mind.
The answer to the second would go, oases, chairs, stars, etc.
 
prothero
 
Reply Sat 27 Feb, 2010 08:39 pm
@Pythagorean,
[QUOTE=Pythagorean;133383] I thought Steven Hawking proposed a theory that states the entire universe is governed by Quantum Mechanical behaviour? Is this now disproven by you? [/QUOTE] Now let us be nice. It seems quite likely that the final theory of the universe will be some form of quantum mechanical system. 3 of the 4 fundamental forces already have a quantum mechanical formulation, gravity does not. This will not change the fact that when you want to send a man to the moon or put a satellite into earth orbit that Newtonian physics will quite nicely suffice. Nor does it change the fact that general relativity theory given, the speed, acceleration, gravitational conditions encountered under ordinary conditions on earth in human experience is equivalent to Newtonian physics.


[QUOTE=Pythagorean;133383] No one is asserting that science is not a miracle of clarity and beneficience. I certainly never said such a thing. You are implying that because science provides these things that metaphysical discussions somehow take away the greatness of human science. But this is a non sequitor. [/QUOTE] I enjoy metaphysical discussion as much as the next person. Every now and then I just try to correlate my metaphysics with the "real", the intuitive, the obvious and the experienced.

[QUOTE=Pythagorean;133383] As far as the gap between appearance and reality the size of such a gap, whether it is 'large' or 'small' is meaningless. That there is a gap is all that theoretical discussion requires and it satisfies the philosophical conditions of my argument sufficiently. [/QUOTE] If all you want is an admission that there is a gap between human perception, human conception and reality, I already did that before I started and several times hence. Are we exchanging views or trying to win an argument?


[QUOTE=Pythagorean;133383] You lay out a metaphysics of reason as discovered in the order of nature through the laws of physics. But you don't seem to realize that this is the consequence of your position. You fundamentally misconstrue philosophy itself, it seems. [/QUOTE] I am no professional philosopher that is true. But my position about this is one that professional philosophers both hold and defend. I am clearly a rationalist and not an empiricist. It can not fairly be said that your position is proper philosophy and mine is not. The proper philosophical position (or default position) is not that order, reason and intelligibility are imposed on nature by human mind. Such a thing can not be proven or demonstrated. The idea that human perception literally creates "ultimate reality" is anthropomorphic in the extreme. Human perception perceives reality, imperfectly, and with added qualia but reality (properly defined) is not a creation of human mind.


[QUOTE=Pythagorean;133383] What most people think is entirely irrelevant. By accepting that there is a reality that is logically prior to human experience you are required to ground your position in philosophical theory. Of course there are many philosophers who hold similar views, but this is not the issue. [/QUOTE] Frankly it can not be shown rationally and scientifically that there is or is not a reality prior to human experience. It is just one of those premises that one accepts or refutes. For me the notion of an independent reality is hard core common sense, the default position, patently obvious, requiring strong proof to disregard. The fact that "reality" as experienced by humans is a creation of perception and mind is true but the notion that "human experience" defines and creates existence and reality is false.

[QUOTE=Pythagorean;133383] You are missing the conditions that science faces, the conditions that science must recognize if it is to proceed in an orderly and self-aware manner. Science should be mindful that it can never be completed. The limits placed on science are the extent to which we grant as real the things that science treats of. Without acknowledging the constrast between appearance and reality science would have no objective because progress ultimately depends upon the refinement of our perceptions. Realism will always impede this refinement; in order to progress we must know where and how we are limited. And this is a philosophical task. [/QUOTE] I think materialism and determinism are false, but science has proceeded quite nicely in the hands on many who think they are true. I think the scientific picture of the world is partial and incomplete but I can agree on many things with those who think science defines what is real and what is true. The first great scientists were almost to a man religious but many great scientists today are not religious. Science proceeds quite nicely and independently of the metaphysics and of the religion of its practitioners. Einstein was a determinist and considered free will an illusion (albeit a persistent one). Generally I test my religion and my metaphysics against science not the other way around. Views that are in conflict with science I generally discard. Rational speculations that take scientific knowledge into account I entertain.

I am not really sure what we are disagreeing about?

Do you really think the universe depends on human perception for its reality and its existence? Do you think there actually was/is no universe prior to or separate from human perceptions?

Do you think the order of nature and mathematical expression of nature's laws are somehow invented and imposed on reality by human minds alone?



 
 

 
Copyright © 2025 MadLab, LLC :: Terms of Service :: Privacy Policy :: Page generated in 0.03 seconds on 01/10/2025 at 08:26:25