@Harby phil,
Harby wrote:The logic used here is the following:
Any observable voluntary action somehow benefits the agent. Therefore all actions are self-beneficial, therefore for an action to be done it must atleast benefit the agent, if not others as well.
Again I reiterate that you are taking the word "selfish" to the extremes.
This theory simply states that any living organism cannot create intention without any benefit to itself, as no willing action (unless you can provide a definite example) does not benefit the agent somehow.
EDIT: As for what is "selfish", or better put self-beneficial, in the above mentioned example: you acted upon your moral code, therefore you helped your self-esteem. Its even apparent that it did, cause if it did not you would not have come here and used it as an example, explicitly stating that it did occur in real life instead of providing another example (i.e. someone else doing something else).
Any observable voluntary action somehow benefits the agent.
But that is false. The soldier who sacrifices himself and dies to save his men is not benefiting himself. And he does it voluntarily. If I stop on the road to help a motorist in distress, at cost to myself, I am not benefiting myself. On the contrary, in both cases, I am harming myself.
Then again, you seem to be confusing two different things. It may be that when I do an action, I will derive benefit from doing that action, and also know that I will derive benefit from doing that action. But that need not mean that I am doing that action
with the motive of gaining benefit from doing that action. That is to say that even if it turns out that I get some satisfaction from doing that action, it need not follow that I did that action
in order to gain that benefit.
So, 1. the idea that any sane person would give up his life in order to contemplate any satisfaction (which, since he is dead, he is unlikely to get) is ludicrous. On a cost-benefit scale of evaluation (which seems the one being used) the idea is preposterous. And, 2, the motive seems to be mixed up. What is being confused is the difference between getting some satisfaction from doing an unselfish action, and doing that action in order to get that satisfaction. My motive may just be to help a person who needs help, and not to gain any satisfaction from doing so.