Do humans actually have free will?

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Mr Fight the Power
 
Reply Sun 3 Aug, 2008 08:04 am
@kennethamy,
kennethamy wrote:
I did not use the term "simple intentional coercion" that I recall. There are a good many kinds of coercion, including psychological coercion which is not intentional, like the compulsion to steal (kleptomania) or a heavy drug addiction. But causation is not, necessarily compulsion, for only certain causes compel. For instance, when I go to see a film because I admire the main actor in the film, I am not being compelled to see the film, although, of course, I am (partly) caused to see the film by my admiration of the actor.


Not all causes compel, but all compulsions have causes.

Examine how one makes a decision (at least how we think one makes a decision). We consider the situation, the costs and benefits, and we choose a course of action that fulfills our values the most. We choose the action that we perceive to be more satisfying than all of the rest. Now this means we can sacrifice ourselves for another or we can screw the other over, as long as we now perceive either one to be more satisfactory.

We judge what will be more satisfactory through our values. While I sincerely doubt that one actually goes through the process of weighing all possible actions against these values (rather it is much more of a unconscious mental process that is just triggered at some point, possibly long before all values are truly registered), but I consider it a pretty decent model.

So we establish that decision making is a reaction to our values; surely without these values and calculations of satisfaction, we would be either inactive or arbitrary automatons, neither of which lends themselves to free will.

So where do these values come from? Obviously we have formed values throughout our lives as we will not see children exhibiting the same values as they enter adulthood. So we have acquired these values, which must have come about in three manners:

A) they are innate to our biology or ingrained through society, and thus out of our control

B) they are chosen by us without consideration for what we already prefer, and thus are arbitrary and random.

C) they were weighed against present values and decided to be acceptable, which sends us in a reductionist free fall back to A)

There is no other possible way for us to acquire values, and none of these permit us to be in ultimate control of our values, either they are arbitrary, or they are based upon values that were never chosen by us.

Ultimately, the forces that lead us to action, our intentions, our decisions, our compulsions to act, are never of our own making.

There is no free will.
 
Holiday20310401
 
Reply Sun 3 Aug, 2008 09:14 am
@Mr Fight the Power,
I don't want to be a bother, but I really don't see why we'd want free will the way you speak of. I'm happy the way I make my actions, how I come about intentions. This discussion is so vague that whatever we gain from it will be useless for helping other liberty deprived nations from gaining freedom.
 
kennethamy
 
Reply Sun 3 Aug, 2008 09:32 am
@nameless,
nameless wrote:
Seems to me that boagie is refering to 'free-will' as making 'choices' in accordance with one's own nature.
And that he is saying that 'morality' is part of many Perspectives, and for them, that it influences some of those 'free-will' decisions.
Further I hear him saying that if one imbibes one's 'morality' from 'external sources', like the community/society at large, the 'freeness' of that 'will' becomes, to the extent of the imbibition of 'external' morality, lessened; diametrically opposed.
Thats how I see it, anyway.
Close boagie?


In other words, you find it incomprehensible, and, on the assumption that Boagie must mean something when he writes (despite the evidence against that) that is your best guess at what he means. It is like my listening to a child of three's babbling, and trying to guess what the child is trying to say. Maybe your guess is right, or maybe your guess is wrong; and maybe the child is just babbling and not saying anything at all.

By the way, I wonder why you would think that just because I got my moral views from my family and my society, that when I choose to help a beggar, that I am not acting of my own free will? Who is forcing me to give money to the beggar. Do you think that you can act from your own free will only if you created yourself out of nothing at all?
 
Holiday20310401
 
Reply Sun 3 Aug, 2008 09:43 am
@kennethamy,
Exactly!

In this scenario one's intentions are cause not by the fact that we have money to give, but that we choose to help. It is better to live while intending to do so rather than knowing whether you can or can't live in a certain way.

And what would life be like with free will? Can we conjure an intention from nothing? No, I mean I suppose you could but it would be random, kinda defying the point of an intention, thus negating causality and inhibiting truth. Nice thought experiment actually.
 
Mr Fight the Power
 
Reply Sun 3 Aug, 2008 02:48 pm
@Holiday20310401,
Holiday20310401 wrote:
I don't want to be a bother, but I really don't see why we'd want free will the way you speak of. I'm happy the way I make my actions, how I come about intentions. This discussion is so vague that whatever we gain from it will be useless for helping other liberty deprived nations from gaining freedom.


This has everything to do with establishing moral responsibility.
 
kennethamy
 
Reply Sun 3 Aug, 2008 04:33 pm
@Mr Fight the Power,
Mr. Fight the Power wrote:
Not all causes compel, but all compulsions have causes.


We judge
Examine how one makes a decision (at least how we think one makes a decision). We consider the situation, the costs and benefits, and we choose a course of action that fulfills our values the most. We choose the action that we perceive to be more satisfying than all of the rest. Now this means we can sacrifice ourselves for another or we can screw the other over, as long as we now perceive either one to be more satisfactory.
what will be more satisfactory through our values. While I sincerely doubt that one actually goes through the process of weighing all possible actions against these values (rather it is much more of a unconscious mental process that is just triggered at some point, possibly long before all values are truly registered), but I consider it a pretty decent model.

So we establish that decision making is a reaction to our values; surely without these values and calculations of satisfaction, we would be either inactive or arbitrary automatons, neither of which lends themselves to free will.

So where do these values come from? Obviously we have formed values throughout our lives as we will not see children exhibiting the same values as they enter adulthood. So we have acquired these values, which must have come about in three manners:

A) they are innate to our biology or ingrained through society, and thus out of our control

B) they are chosen by us without consideration for what we already prefer, and thus are arbitrary and random.

C) they were weighed against present values and decided to be acceptable, which sends us in a reductionist free fall back to A)

There is no other possible way for us to acquire values, and none of these permit us to be in ultimate control of our values, either they are arbitrary, or they are based upon values that were never chosen by us.

Ultimately, the forces that lead us to action, our intentions, our decisions, our compulsions to act, are never of our own making.

There is no free will.



That is right. We come to a decision by deliberation. And deliberation about what to do is not (I am sure you realize) not the same think as impulsive or compulsive behavior. When we deliberated and come to a decision, unless something unusual has occurred, that is what is called coming to a choice freely. However, when we are under duress, and we are compelled to make a decision, that is when we are not acting freely. To say that "forces" lead us to action is to use a misleading metaphor. Sometimes we are forced to act, but that is unusual. Considerations about where our interests lie, or where the interests of others who concern us lie, are not "forces". We are no compelled to do anything by them. We can choose otherwise if we want to do so. You misdescribe the process by which we ordinarily come to a decision (say) of choosing one restaurant over another restaurant. We consider issues of price, food, atmosphere, distance, service, and many other factors. To say that we were "forced" to go to a restaurant as a consequence of such deliberations is simply an abuse of the term, "forced". And, when we are not forced to do some action, we do it of our own free will.

One more thing: just the fact that we did not (usually) choose the values we have, and which are the basis on which we make the decisions we make, does not show that we were forced to make the decisions we made. For even given those values, we could have make different decisions. I could have chosen a different restaurant under the same set of values; for one thing, I could have weighed those values differently. You seem to believe that a person could only act freely if he were born without any genes, and never had an enrironment to interact with. So that his decision would have to be arrived at ex nihilo. But what would be the use of setting up the conditions for freedom in this way so that in effect it would be impossible for there to be freedom of the will? And why, on earth, would anyone even want to have that kind of freedom of the will? No one has ever thought of freedom of the will in the way you set it up, and it is a strawman of philosophers and theologians.
 
Fido
 
Reply Mon 4 Aug, 2008 07:20 am
@boagie,
boagie wrote:
Freewill and morality are mutually exclusive.Smile Let me qualify that, freewill and a social morality system are mutually exclusive.

Free will and morality are both ways of concieving of reality, ideally. So what if there is no freedom or morality in nature, or reality? Our conceptions still make us and remake us until we are far removed from simple animals. Will may drive us, and morality may guide us, but ideas are our stepping stones, because nothing is real, not even the earth below our feet until it is so concieved.
 
Mr Fight the Power
 
Reply Mon 4 Aug, 2008 07:31 am
@kennethamy,
kennethamy wrote:
That is right. We come to a decision by deliberation. And deliberation about what to do is not (I am sure you realize) not the same think as impulsive or compulsive behavior. When we deliberated and come to a decision, unless something unusual has occurred, that is what is called coming to a choice freely. However, when we are under duress, and we are compelled to make a decision, that is when we are not acting freely. To say that "forces" lead us to action is to use a misleading metaphor. Sometimes we are forced to act, but that is unusual. Considerations about where our interests lie, or where the interests of others who concern us lie, are not "forces". We are no compelled to do anything by them. We can choose otherwise if we want to do so. You misdescribe the process by which we ordinarily come to a decision (say) of choosing one restaurant over another restaurant. We consider issues of price, food, atmosphere, distance, service, and many other factors. To say that we were "forced" to go to a restaurant as a consequence of such deliberations is simply an abuse of the term, "forced". And, when we are not forced to do some action, we do it of our own free will.


The only time I mentioned force was when I described our own volitions, as certainly our own will does force us to act. Now if you wish to argue that our actions are disassociated from our will, you can take that up with someone else.

Now, because you are stuck on this issue of coercion versus non coercion, we are making no progress. It is beside the issue.

The issue is whether any of the methods we use to weigh those considerations are under our control. Refute my three possibilities on the forming of values, is it possible for us to create our own values. If it is not possible, if all of our values come from external sources, how can one say that our decisions are really of our own choosing?

Quote:
One more thing: just the fact that we did not (usually) choose the values we have, and which are the basis on which we make the decisions we make, does not show that we were forced to make the decisions we made. For even given those values, we could have make different decisions. I could have chosen a different restaurant under the same set of values; for one thing, I could have weighed those values differently. You seem to believe that a person could only act freely if he were born without any genes, and never had an enrironment to interact with. So that his decision would have to be arrived at ex nihilo. But what would be the use of setting up the conditions for freedom in this way so that in effect it would be impossible for there to be freedom of the will? And why, on earth, would anyone even want to have that kind of freedom of the will? No one has ever thought of freedom of the will in the way you set it up, and it is a strawman of philosophers and theologians.
Whether or not you weighed those values differently, the method for decision making is the same; and the possibilities are also the same.

Are you saying that a person could consider all of his values, decide one course of action is preferable, then commit another action? Remember, if the agent acts in purposeful opposition to his values, then another value has entered the picture, and likely we can trace that down to an external source. If the agent acts counter to his values just through random unpredictability, this is not free will, as it is not intentional will at all.

No, I believe that a person can only have free will when they act in spite of their genes and environment. I view free will in the context of responsibility, and such take it to require one be causa sui, that one can create a new causal chain, not just serve as a link.

I am not the only nutjob who thinks this, by the way, it is also present in Kant and Nietzsche's treatment of free will (Kant saying that we could act as our own cause, Nietzsche saying that was a belief of human vanity). I am not saying that I am right because of this, only that your scoffing at the idea of self-causation as a pointless discussion is likely unfounded, and that many have considered free will in the way I "set it up".

If one is a link in a causal chain, if we actually had the ability to view the situation surrounding a person's birth and predict all of his actions, that all of his actions are a necessary extension of what came before it, (as would be prescribed by natural causation), we cannot blame them for acting in this particular manner. (Note: predictability is only used for simplification, even if the algorithm is not predictable, our role is the same.)

Only if we are able to alter or reverse a causal chain are we responsible for what occurs as a consequence of our actions. For this we must be self-causing.
 
Fido
 
Reply Mon 4 Aug, 2008 07:38 am
@Holiday20310401,
Holiday20310401 wrote:
I don't want to be a bother, but I really don't see why we'd want free will the way you speak of. I'm happy the way I make my actions, how I come about intentions. This discussion is so vague that whatever we gain from it will be useless for helping other liberty deprived nations from gaining freedom.

If I may judge you on scant evidence; you are an idealist. And there is no greater danger to life or freedom than from idealists. What people develop among themselves as their forms of relationship should not be toyed with out of idealism. That has been the great enemy of humanity that our ideals, what we think with, has become the substitute for thought. If you have an ideal conception of humanity, you can cast the culls into the furnace, and how many millions have disappeared in this fashion? I would suggest that you look at freedom as an ideal, find your own, find the level of freedom that is right for you, and then try to spread the idea, and not the reality. The fact is that freedom, as a moral reality cannot be proved, weighed, or otherwise measured. We give it meaning because it has no being. But life has being, and when people have worked out relationships that are stable, and long term; even if they seem from our perspective as wanting in freedom, -we should observe long before we act. They have a form of relationship. Freedom is a form of relationship. To give them a form of relationship we prize; is it worth throwing into chaos the relationship they have that they can work with? As much as we seek some ideals, we should never prefer the ideal to the real, and if people survive in the real world, what ideal can fully justify their deaths in our ideal world? Do you see my point.
 
Holiday20310401
 
Reply Mon 4 Aug, 2008 01:07 pm
@Fido,
Yeah I see your point, and I scored idealist on that philosophy test that was posted here a while ago. I thought I was an existentialist but oh well.

And you sound like a romanticist saying that stuff. And a "recursivist". lol. I'm sorry but I am young so I'm trying to figure out reality first and them work on my own ideology which would lead to spreading it; perhaps.

And I'm with you on moral philosophy, that is generally the way I take it.
 
Fido
 
Reply Mon 4 Aug, 2008 03:55 pm
@Holiday20310401,
Holiday20310401 wrote:
Yeah I see your point, and I scored idealist on that philosophy test that was posted here a while ago. I thought I was an existentialist but oh well.

And you sound like a romanticist saying that stuff. And a "recursivist". lol. I'm sorry but I am young so I'm trying to figure out reality first and them work on my own ideology which would lead to spreading it; perhaps.

And I'm with you on moral philosophy, that is generally the way I take it.

Save your trouble. Idealogies, organizations, and essholes all go together in this world. Stay clear of all of them. Freedom is an idea to, but it is a very heathy form of relationship. You don't have to force anyone to be more free than they want. Just carry it around, and allow the freedom you expect.
 
Mr Fight the Power
 
Reply Tue 5 Aug, 2008 05:15 am
@Fido,
Fido wrote:
Save your trouble. Idealogies, organizations, and essholes all go together in this world. Stay clear of all of them. Freedom is an idea to, but it is a very heathy form of relationship. You don't have to force anyone to be more free than they want. Just carry it around, and allow the freedom you expect.


Idealogues and idealists needn't force anyone. A great many simply wish to educate others on what they feel to be correct, and if their ideas are good, its all the better for them.

I say be an idealist or an idealogue, just be sure to entertain the sentiments of others.
 
Fido
 
Reply Tue 5 Aug, 2008 08:38 am
@Mr Fight the Power,
Mr. Fight the Power wrote:
Idealogues and idealists needn't force anyone. A great many simply wish to educate others on what they feel to be correct, and if their ideas are good, its all the better for them.

I say be an idealist or an idealogue, just be sure to entertain the sentiments of others.


It is an unfortunate fact, often proved, that human beings cannot form ideas capable of actually modeling social systems upon. It is the worst possible mistake, to take ideas, which are forms, and concepts, which we all use to think with, and instead use them to think for us. We forget that when we set up the best of systems they are as soon taken over by the criminal, the lazy, and the political. Since all our forms are forms of relationship anyway, the worst, with the best; why not just figure out how to build strong relationships, and minimize the form, and the formality. The forms of society should be as alive and vital as the people in them; but you see that when societies die, it is their own forms which have destroyed them. Look at our Society.

America is divided and so weakened. Is it possible to believe that because we seem to have this great invincible military that the division does not run straight through it? No doubt, people in the military want to be patriotic. What will they be when they see that they are put in harm's way for no good and much profit? If we have a dictatorship in this country it will be imposed by the military. The sad fact is that the officer corp is as distant from the troops, and as near its own class as in any feudal society. Many, if not most of the officer class are steeped in evangelical religion, more true to its faith than to the people of this country. So, where is the benefit to us? If this class takes over will they be inclined to give this nation justice, or to even make us a nation as nations are, of one people? Not likely.

Look at history. As the forms of society grow powerful the people grow weaker, and it is formal societies that are swept away by time, and, the the barbarians. And don't think we are not in the middle of a barbarian invasion of sorts; and even though it could work out for the best, with America a microcosm of the world, knowing all, and at peace with all; again, not likely.

So don't be an idealogue. Study relationships, why they work and why they do not. All relationships have their forms and formality, but the best are seemingly informal. And ask what are the needs of all people that forms and relationships serve. And remember, that as generations age and die their forms become brittle and self serving. It is natural to replace forms, and it is the key to human progress; but, the ideal of any form of relationship is not the form at all, but is the relationship. Keep that healthy and the beast lives. Suck the life out of the relationship, and the form dies too. Best. Fido
 
kennethamy
 
Reply Tue 5 Aug, 2008 09:04 am
@Mr Fight the Power,
Mr. Fight the Power wrote:


I say be an idealist or an idealogue, just be sure to entertain the sentiments of others.


And that, of course, would be your decision.
 
Mr Fight the Power
 
Reply Tue 5 Aug, 2008 10:08 am
@Fido,
Fido wrote:
It is an unfortunate fact, often proved, that human beings cannot form ideas capable of actually modeling social systems upon. It is the worst possible mistake, to take ideas, which are forms, and concepts, which we all use to think with, and instead use them to think for us. We forget that when we set up the best of systems they are as soon taken over by the criminal, the lazy, and the political. Since all our forms are forms of relationship anyway, the worst, with the best; why not just figure out how to build strong relationships, and minimize the form, and the formality. The forms of society should be as alive and vital as the people in them; but you see that when societies die, it is their own forms which have destroyed them. Look at our Society.

America is divided and so weakened. Is it possible to believe that because we seem to have this great invincible military that the division does not run straight through it? No doubt, people in the military want to be patriotic. What will they be when they see that they are put in harm's way for no good and much profit? If we have a dictatorship in this country it will be imposed by the military. The sad fact is that the officer corp is as distant from the troops, and as near its own class as in any feudal society. Many, if not most of the officer class are steeped in evangelical religion, more true to its faith than to the people of this country. So, where is the benefit to us? If this class takes over will they be inclined to give this nation justice, or to even make us a nation as nations are, of one people? Not likely.

Look at history. As the forms of society grow powerful the people grow weaker, and it is formal societies that are swept away by time, and, the the barbarians. And don't think we are not in the middle of a barbarian invasion of sorts; and even though it could work out for the best, with America a microcosm of the world, knowing all, and at peace with all; again, not likely.

So don't be an idealogue. Study relationships, why they work and why they do not. All relationships have their forms and formality, but the best are seemingly informal. And ask what are the needs of all people that forms and relationships serve. And remember, that as generations age and die their forms become brittle and self serving. It is natural to replace forms, and it is the key to human progress; but, the ideal of any form of relationship is not the form at all, but is the relationship. Keep that healthy and the beast lives. Suck the life out of the relationship, and the form dies too. Best. Fido


Certainly ideas must be applied in context, but every mind operates on laws: non-contradiction, causation, etc. So why cannot the mind also operate on ethical rules? I, for example, will likely always be committed (even if I admit my inability to show their absoluteness or truth) to the moral duties or non-aggression and treating others as an end in themselves. If we accept these certain axioms as virtuous, why would we not be able to derive entire systems and forms of social theory from them? We do this with many other fields without thinking twice, so why not ethics and politics?

And the corruptibility of a system could be a knock against a system, but it is not a knock against all systems.
 
Mr Fight the Power
 
Reply Tue 5 Aug, 2008 10:09 am
@kennethamy,
kennethamy wrote:
And that, of course, would be your decision.


I don't choose what I believe.

To do so would undermine the concept of truth.

EDIT: And any decision to not entertain the beliefs of others does not make ideology bad on its own right.
 
Fido
 
Reply Tue 5 Aug, 2008 10:44 am
@kennethamy,
kennethamy wrote:
And that, of course, would be your decision.

When the study of ideas was new, Napoleon called those who studied them ideologues. There will always be a difference between those who talk, and those who do, and between men of action, and men of ideas, and there will be those who motivate people with grand ideas, and those who are motivated. But look at the bloodshed wrapped around even the best of ideas before joining sides. Ideas are essential to thought, but not superior to thought. Every form has the possibility of turning into a straight jacket, a coffin, or shackles. Keep your mind free, especially of the desire to control others, and there is hope for your body.
 
Fido
 
Reply Tue 5 Aug, 2008 10:54 am
@Mr Fight the Power,
Mr. Fight the Power wrote:
I don't choose what I believe.

To do so would undermine the concept of truth.

Truth as a form of relationship, a concept, or an idea is in no senses apart from human needs and aspirations. No one can choose the truth, but all choose what they shall do with it. As for belief; it grows small as the truth grows large; but people should be honest about what they know and what they believe. What is it we know that can justify murder, manslaughter, or war? Only belief can, because the certainty of belief frees all cruel people from the hard work of finding the facts, which, if they were known only justify restraint, mercy, and humanity. Knowledge is virtue not only because to do good we must know good; but because to justify inhumanity we must all know far more than any human being does know.
 
boagie
 
Reply Tue 5 Aug, 2008 11:03 am
@Fido,
Smile
Is this system likely to serve, or is one likely to end up serving the system. Come over to the darkside, that is the individual serving a system longterm, he becomes somewhat less of a man, a worm like creature. Lukes father in star wars, Dart Vader. The essence of what matters to one, as well as what does not matter to one, is a matter of relationship/s, its always about your relation to something.
 
Fido
 
Reply Tue 5 Aug, 2008 02:49 pm
@boagie,
boagie wrote:
Smile
Is this system likely to serve, or is one likely to end up serving the system. Come over to the darkside, that is the individual serving a system longterm, he becomes somewhat less of a man, a worm like creature. Lukes father in star wars, Dart Vader. The essence of what matters to one, as well as what does not matter to one, is a matter of relationship/s, its always about your relation to something.

We all have forms in our lives, schools, churches, marriages, jobs, governments, and etc. I don't know if we can live without them. But we should all try to remember that the form is the object, though it is often the impediment to the relationship. The relationship is what we want. Good forms of relationship only structure our relationships to meet certain essential goals. Bad forms suck the life out of the people and out of their relationship. What do you want. What would you want if you could ask what do you want from your and have the answer mean something?
 
 

 
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