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. Almost always he will agree that his compassion does not stem from the fact that: 1) humans use language, 2) humans compose symphonies, 3) humans do math, or 4) humans are moral agents. Instead, he will most likely agree that it stems from the fact that humans can suffer, feel pain, be harmed, etc. (It is worth noting that not all humans can do 1-4, anyway).
The only assumption I have made is that causing unnecessary harm to innocent, uninformed, unconsenting sentient recipients, regardless of race, rank, or species, is morally wrong. If someone does not accept the basic assumption that causing unnecessary harm is morally wrong, then there is nothing else I can offer by way of persuasion. If you're unwilling to accept that basic assumption, then it is you who are in the wrong thread. My approach is no different from someone who creates a thread topic on the moral question of human slavery and who works with the basic assumption that using humans exclusively as means to our ends is morally wrong. If you cannot bring yourself to accept such assumptions, then you're not obligated to participate.
Animal rights is much more cogently argued when it is argued from the standpoint of your opponent's morality, rather than some mythical, hard-to-define objective morality, as you would no doubt agree. An example of this method is to leverage a person's morality by asking him why he has compassion for human beings. Almost always he will agree that his compassion does not stem from the fact that: 1) humans use language, 2) humans compose symphonies, 3) humans do math, or 4) humans are moral agents. Instead, he will most likely agree that it stems from the fact that humans can suffer, feel pain, be harmed, etc. (It is worth noting that not all humans can do 1-4, anyway).
I understand you take your emotivist position very seriously. That said, you stand to be very disappointed in an ethics forum, since most moral arguments begin with axiomatic assumptions: for example, that causing unnecessary harm is morally wrong. If this assumption bothers you because it cannot be vindicated by reference to empirical evidence, or because it lacks an objective metaethical foundation, then you should probably move on.
If something is unnecessary, without qualification, it means that it is possible to avoid. As it is always possible to refrain from causing intentional harm, providing we are in control of our actions, unless we mean to say we are simply to meekly allow animals to maul us in order to be moral, any set of constraints we place upon our actions with respect to animals must have some kind of get out clause, self-preservation, for example.
On the face of it our get out clauses when dealing with animals seem much less stringent than the ones we use with humans. To use a Crusoe case, we would normally hold that it is permissible for Crusoe to kill and eat the animals on his island in order to survive, but it is not okay for him to kill and eat Friday.
I agree, but can I really feel the same compassion and sympathy that I feel for an innocent man who has been imprisoned in Guantanamo Bay for an "innocent, uninformed, unconsenting" battery farmed Chicken? I don't think so. Also if the assumption upon which your argument rests is "that causing unnecessary harm to innocent, uninformed, unconsenting sentient recipients, regardless of race, rank, or species, is morally wrong", I would dispute whether you can apply words like 'innocent', 'uninformed' and 'unconsenting' to something like a chicken. In what sense is it possible to inform a chicken? What does it mean for a chicken to consent to something? And in what sense can a chicken ever be innocent as opposed to guilty? In order to be guilty something has to be responsible for its actions, and I don't think that is true of a chicken, certainly not in any way that allows us to say any of its actions are blameworthy
Any moral position must have a meta-ethical foundation, if your position can be undermined on meta-ethical grounds then this seems like a legitimate line to pursue. Questioning your assumptions about sympathy, sentience and compassion is certainly acceptable. We may offer counterexamples which you must defend your assumptions against. For example, a judge may feel compassion and sympathy for a mother who stole to feed her children, or a young murderer who deserves to spend the rest of his life in jail, does that mean they should be let off?
These points you raise about get out clauses (e.g., self-defense/preservation) and moral agency (what nonhumans lack) were already addressed in my previous posts (my participation in this thread begins on page 19).
I do not base my moral view on compassion alone, since even compassion can be diluted as an implicit sanction for certain injustices (e.g., mercy-killings of the mentally impaired, etc.). Rather, I argue that because sentience is a necessary and sufficient condition for inclusion in the moral community, we owe direct duties of justice to sentient nonhumans. For the details, however, I'll have to refer you back to my previous posts. Check them out and post me again with your objections or requests for clarification.
Sorry for the intervention. But i had participated here before, so perhaps i may do so again. You'll are having a very interesting debate. Very informed and respectful.
It led me to a doubt. Lets call it as my moral dilemma.
I love eating fish. I am also a animal rights activist.
My question is: Are my likings contradictory? Which one should I shed for the other?
We are animals - and let's not kid ourselves otherwise!
This is true, but "animal" is just one such true abstraction. So there's a rhetorical element there. A person could just as well say we are "atoms" or "language users" or "omnivores their eyes in the front, not on the sides."
:flowers:
Purely from a diet perspective, it's best to eat as healthy as a vegetarian, but with some meat added. Meat can be very healthy. It's just that most people eat a lot of it and add french fries and a coke.
I don't agree that healthy is good and unhealthy is bad though.
You don't agree that healthy is good and unhealthy is bad? What do you mean when you say healthy or unhealthy, then? Because, generally, healthy refers to what is good for the body, and unhealthy refers to what is bad for the body.
Yes, I was just saying that "bad for the body" isn't the same as "bad for the person". There's a bit of a health craze going on which seems like an overreaction to obesity and such, although I'm sure there have always been people who treat the body like a temple.
Hi, Jebadiah
...So you choose to be unhealthy, rather than give in to the "health craze"?
Does this somehow enhance your personhood? I am curious.
You see, you are the first person I've ever encountered who knocks health. In my naivete I always considered it a high value. :bigsmile:
Let's not over-react and avoid pain. After all, there is always available an advanced hospital/pharmaceutical/insurance/medical complex to turn to for a quintuple bypass.
.....But we digress. I feel we are off-topic. Let's return to the topic of the o.p.
I enjoy exercise, but drinking and tasty food are worth more than perfect health. So, as far as the dietary part of the vegetarian discussion goes, I don't think the "healthier" part is significant.
You don't agree that healthy is good and unhealthy is bad? What do you mean when you say healthy or unhealthy, then? Because, generally, healthy refers to what is good for the body, and unhealthy refers to what is bad for the body.
Yes, I was just saying that "bad for the body" isn't the same as "bad for the person". There's a bit of a health craze going on which seems like an overreaction to obesity and such, although I'm sure there have always been people who treat the body like a temple.
Hi, Jebadiah...So you choose to be unhealthy, rather than give in to the "health craze"?
Does this somehow enhance your personhood? I am curious. You see, you are the first person I've ever encountered who knocks health. In my naivete I always considered it a high value. Let's not over-react and avoid pain. After all, there is always available an advanced hospital/pharmaceutical/insurance/medical complex to turn to for a quintuple bypass.
I enjoy exercise, but drinking and tasty food are worth more than perfect health. So, as far as the dietary part of the vegetarian discussion goes, I don't think the "healthier" part is significant.