@sometime sun,
As far as I understand cults, I get more sense of the term from the etymological roots. "Cult" is essentially linked to the figurative sense of "education by training or education," which is in essence
cultivation. I think in many respects, many choose to solely link the word "cult" to ritual or religious meanings, but even in that regard, I still think the former definition of "education" and so on applies.
So maybe you could say that anything which involved education or cultivation could itself be considered a cult of some kind. Would this apply to rationalism (for instance) as a cult? Maybe. Rationalism was not especially warmly accepted within the normative philosophical framework in the times of Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz for example. Even in the case of Spinoza, his views of God (and substantial metaphysics) caused a great deal of issue between himself and the Jewish community. Would he not have been considered in some respects an endorser of a rationalistic cult (ideological cultivation) in most respects then, both in a religious sense and in an educational sense?