@Joe,
Interesting topic, though I can't say I've read through all 19 pages of it!
Not sure if this is on topic, but it came up while reading the posts. If you are interested in the topic of intent and how we know intent, there is a wonderful, thin, very readable book by Elizabeth (G.E.M.) Anscombe titled Intention that lays out the issue very nicely. The only way to really 'know' someone's intention is through his/her actions. In other words, intention is not really an internal state but something that is displayed and which we ourselves evaluate to decide intent. It happens this way all the time. If someone tells us what his/her intention is/was at any given time, if it fits for us, given his/her behavior, we will accept it. If it doesn't seem to fit, we'll question it and make an evaluation of it and then we, in fact, participate in the discovery of intention.
Anything else is psychology and guesswork and involves something that can never truly be recovered, even by the person 'having' the intention.
There's much more to it, of course, but that's the gist. It relates here because much of the discussion is based on the assumption that we can know what things like compassion or intention or other 'internal' states are. It's not that we don't have them, but they are not truly recoverable and separable from action in the moment. Even for the person doing the acting, to try to 'recover' some definitive internal state at a later time, after doing the action, it becomes a matter of memory and other factors enter in that can act as filters and alter whatever was going on at the time of the action.
So, what counts in this scenario is the action and its consequences. Not that intention is meaningless, that you can't 'set your intention,' etc. But just that talking about it in particular ways is meaningless.
So in a discussion of altruism, to think we will definitely know or understand all that goes into such an act (which already has been defined in previous posts) internally is pure speculation and ultimately trying to get to something that isn't all that useful, ultimately.
Just a possibility, mind you. I suppose I like this approach because, after 20 years of hitting myself against the wall of how to know someone's internal state and how to determine intent, etc., and being presented with innumerable, interesting, seemingly correct theories that eventually fall apart, I see the logic and rightness of it.
There is definitely a determining internal component to human action, but what that is or even how important it is to find it and name it in an absolute way, is pretty much a waste if time, at least for me at this point in my life. It is certainly where the spark of human action originates, but what really matters is what we 'do' and how it affects others. Psychology, after all, is really meant to be a therapeutic model that is used to help a person make internal changes on an individual basis. For that reason, it's not really all that helpful when trying to evaluate human action in general.
In relation to altruism, I suppose what I'd say is why we do it, or whether or not there is an element of self-interest is really irrelevant. Let's get off our asses and do something to make the world better and that helps people (which of course I'm sure many of you are already doing!). Then we can take time in the evenings to have discussions that are interesting and stimulating and thought-provoking and may even help us be clearer in our ability to get off our asses the next day and be even more altruistic! :intentive:
Okay, I couldn't resist an emoticon labeled 'intentive'! Btw, I've never seen so many emoticons in my life. Very cool.
Alexandria