@Aedes,
one-philosophy wrote:Then whats the different areas of the jewish book then? All I sort of know is that the first five books are called the pentatauch or torah.
Correct, but the whole thing is called the Tanakh, and includes the Haftorah, which are books from the prophets (like Daniel, Ezekiel, etc).
As Didymos Thomas says the Kaballah is a unique tradition of Jewish mysticism that arose in Europe in the late medieval / early modern period. Most Jewish law does NOT come from the Bible, however. It comes from the Talmud, which were commentaries written over the last 2000 years since the destruction of the second temple. Rabbinic Judaism, which accounts for nearly all Judaism in the modern world, was an outgrowth of the Pharisees after the destruction of the second temple by the Romans in 71 AD. Judaism ceased to be a priestly religion after that point and completely changed in character.
Thus, while Judaism, Christianity, and Islam may all call upon the same original story, Judaism diverged along a greatly different path at the same time as the birth of Christianity. So the Judaism that Christianity grew out of was
completely different than the Judaism of today.
True for Islam as well -- which arose well before most of the theological development of modern Christianity and Judaism.
To be sure, Jews were so prominent in Muslim lands since the very beginning of Islam that there was a lot of
convergence between the two. So that is why the Hallal laws and the Kashrut (kosher) laws are so similar -- not because they are from the same scriptural source, but because they arose in an environment of cross-fertilization between Jewish and Muslim scholars. The most intellectually successful and theologically important Jewish communities in the last 2000 years were in Baghdad, Damascus, and Cordoba, i.e. all in lands that were the crown jewels in the "golden age of Islam".
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