@Serena phil,
Greenstone;81246 wrote:Hi, i'm trying to learn about Epicureanism or, what Epicurus taught but everything i've came across on the net or books hasn't offered a down to earth description of his teachings. If someone could please tell me what he taught, in laymen's terms, regarding the following topics, I would greatly appreciate it. [IMG]file:///C:/Users/Jerry/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif[/IMG]
God
Meaning of Life and the search for it
Morals/Ethics/what they're based on
Death
How to be happy
Dealing with sadness/pain/anger/etc
Honestly, the best person to trust about Epicureanism is yourself and a good book. There are a few books I think you would really appreciate in the respect of an more simplified explanation of Epicureanism. If you want a very concise but extended elaboration of Epicureanism, try to find
A Companion to Ancient Philosophy by Mary Louise Gill and Pierre Pellegrin. The book is part of a wonderful series called "Blackwell companions to philosophy" which is primarily composed of independently written articles intended for the context of the book. In particular, the section on Epicureanism is done by a one Pierre-Marie Morel, who is also a very well known scholar as far as Democritus is concerned as well. But anyway, the article is about 17 pages long (pages 486-503) and contains primary accounts his physics (with an emphasis on Democritean heritage) and "new" nature, his epistemological variants, Ethics, etc. It's probably the best book which simplifies Epicureanism.
On God/Death, Serena rightly suggested you look to
The Letter to Menoeceus because it contains the hallmarks of the
tetrapharmakos, or simply, the "quadruple remedy." This quadruple remedy is intended within the context of Epicureanism essentially underlines four points that keep us from happiness. In the first point, we really should not fear the gods because they are indifferent and omnipotent. Epicurus does not negate the existence of the Gods, but I think rightly attributes the cornerstone of an enlighten view of them which is that the Gods are indifferent to the phenomena of the universe. We should also not fear death, because death is nothing compared to the larger context of our metaphysical makeup. We should also understand that pleasure is attainable in its highest states and can lead in its own way to the elimination of suffering. And also, because humans can withstand the pain of suffering, we understand that suffering in particular is unlimited in nature.
On the meaning of life/the search for it/how to be happy, Epicurus believes that knowledge forms the foundation of happiness. This is evident in how extensive his metaphysical, ontological, and cosmological accounts go even though he does not place much priority in them (corpuscular theory, etc.). Essentially, understanding the workings of the universe (via his physics i.e. phusiologia) reveals our misconceptions, our illusions, and anything which we take and doubt. Through an "affective" intermediate system of science, namely the attainment of pleasure, we are free to "choose" a happy life. The ultimate goal of a happy life is (of course) pleasure, which comes about not from a full attainment of pleasure, but in the absence of pain. This is a fundamental fact that is overlooked by many, that pleasure is not so much the goal as the extermination of pain is. Look to
Letter of Menoeceus,