Metaphysics: Knowledge for the Privileged

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Michel
 
Reply Fri 13 Nov, 2009 12:13 pm
Maimonides comments on why studies should not begin with metaphysics and why metaphysics should not be taught to the common man:

Quote:

Fifth Reason.--Man is disturbed in his intellectual occupation by the necessity of looking after the material wants of the body, especially if the
p. 49
necessity of providing for wife and children be superadded: much more so if he seeks superfluities in addition to his ordinary wants, for by custom and bad habits these become a powerful motive. Even the perfect man to whom we have referred, if too busy with these necessary things, much more so if busy with unnecessary things, and filled with a great desire for them-must weaken or altogether lose his desire for study, to which he win apply himself with interruption, lassitude, and want of attention. He will not attain to that for which he is fitted by his abilities, or he will acquire imperfect knowledge, a confused mass of true and false ideas. For these reasons it was proper that the study of Metaphysics should have been exclusively cultivated by privileged persons, and not entrusted to the common people. It is not for the beginner, and he should abstain from it, as the little child has to abstain from taking solid food and from carrying heavy weights.

Guide for the Perplexed: Part I: Chapter XXXIV



Emp is mine.

I'm a formally trained feminist and so it should be no surprise what I'm thinking when I read this. If metaphysical knowledge is limited to the privileged class, that is, those people that can donate sufficient time to study it, then metaphysical knowledge is privileged knowledge. It is privileged knowledge because the privileged are primarily the people who have autonomy from the hardships and demands of the common life. Presuming that such people are divided by social class, then we have exclusive divisions of knowledge for the rich and the non-rich.
 
jgweed
 
Reply Fri 13 Nov, 2009 01:16 pm
@Michel,
Perhaps at an earlier age, the average man (or woman) did not have the necessary leisure to pursue philosophy, let alone metaphysics, nor did he had the means to build himself a library of philosophers with whom to consult and meditate.

But with the diffusion of knowledge, books, and the increase in spare time, even when the average person is pressed about by life, the situation today seems different. If the desire be there, then anyone with simple time-management skills may devote time to the serious study of philosophy. Far more than at any time, people today have the opportunity to pursue metaphysics to a greater extent than earlier.

On the other hand, Maimonides also seems to make an important observation, namely that a quick and casual knowledge often without the real desire to actually spend a prolonged period of study of philosophy (Sophie's Choice, for example, and little more) cannot lead to the proper study of metaphysics, or indeed of any other complicated subject about which one feels obligated in the modern age to have an opinion about.

One earns the position of "privileged person" in philosophy much as one does in any intellectual endeavor in modern life:desire, dedication, and hard work.
 
GoshisDead
 
Reply Fri 13 Nov, 2009 01:23 pm
@Michel,
Michel,
What are your views on the Monastic Disciplines in regards to this subject?
 
xris
 
Reply Fri 13 Nov, 2009 01:35 pm
@jgweed,
If philosophy is the study of human nature then by common interest in your fellow man, age can give you a measured view. You need to be able to examine yourself first and by exchange understand others views of themselves. Pure study, if given the opportunity, is a foundation to evaluate opinions from others but not essential. An interest in opinions is the greatest tool and the observation of respected individuals in any field is essential. I am the example of poor or zero education and most of my life has been spent earning a living and not much else. We can aspire and the philosophers here are some of the best in the world and they have a humility that is second to none. Stay here and you will be inspired.
 
Michel
 
Reply Fri 13 Nov, 2009 01:52 pm
@jgweed,
jgweed;103348 wrote:
Perhaps at an earlier age, the average man (or woman) did not have the necessary leisure to pursue philosophy, let alone metaphysics, nor did he had the means to build himself a library of philosophers with whom to consult and meditate.

But with the diffusion of knowledge, books, and the increase in spare time, even when the average person is pressed about by life, the situation today seems different. If the desire be there, then anyone with simple time-management skills may devote time to the serious study of philosophy. Far more than at any time, people today have the opportunity to pursue metaphysics to a greater extent than earlier.

On the other hand, Maimonides also seems to make an important observation, namely that a quick and casual knowledge often without the real desire to actually spend a prolonged period of study of philosophy (Sophie's Choice, for example, and little more) cannot lead to the proper study of metaphysics, or indeed of any other complicated subject about which one feels obligated in the modern age to have an opinion about.

One earns the position of "privileged person" in philosophy much as one does in any intellectual endeavor in modern life:desire, dedication, and hard work.




I have no doubt that metaphysics requires intense study and preparatory education if it is to be properly learned. My point is that the demands of metaphysics makes it a knowledge entirely inaccessible to common people because common people must deal with prohibiting social conditions. My scorn is not towards the arcana of metaphysics; my scorn is directed towards the social conditions that prohibit commen people from its study.

The same goes for many other issues or activities to including politics, science, music, activism and so forth. The general person just does not have enough time to tackle these issues because he is burdened with longer work hours, debt, and whatever else that keeps this consumer culture in operation. So, I sincerely disagree with you that common people just need time management. They are systematically burdened, and such burdened is intended because it keeps certain classes in power and other classes out of power. It's not at all a coincidence that in the West, white men dominate politics, religion and philosophy.

Anyhow, since it is usually the "lower" classes that shoulder this burden, it is generally the higher classes or privileged white men that get the opportunity to study higher thought. Thus, it is these classes which the subjects of metaphysics, politics, ethics, etc. is directed, pondered, discussed and taught. That's troubling for me because these men and the higher classes are not at all autonomous from the biases of their subcultures.

There are some great articles online regarding this perspective of mine. If you're interested, google this: feminist epistemology.

---------- Post added 11-13-2009 at 02:53 PM ----------

GoshisDead;103351 wrote:
Michel,
What are your views on the Monastic Disciplines in regards to this subject?



I'm unsure what you're asking me.
 
GoshisDead
 
Reply Fri 13 Nov, 2009 02:05 pm
@Michel,
I'm asking about metaphysical traditions that have alternate class distinctions. Monastic traditions often have self imposed poverty, but command respect due to their association with preist, monk, wise man, shamanistic 'class'. Distinctions of those who have traditionally spent the time to study metaphysics that cannot be placed into the "rich" category.
 
Michel
 
Reply Fri 13 Nov, 2009 02:33 pm
@GoshisDead,
GoshisDead;103363 wrote:
I'm asking about metaphysical traditions that have alternate class distinctions. Monastic traditions often have self imposed poverty, but command respect due to their association with preist, monk, wise man, shamanistic 'class'. Distinctions of those who have traditionally spent the time to study metaphysics that cannot be placed into the "rich" category.



Point granted. But take a look at who supported them. They were not living off of God's grace, I can tell you that! Feminists have long understood that what permits them to do philosophy on a fulltime basis is the burden that others take in their place.
 
GoshisDead
 
Reply Fri 13 Nov, 2009 02:54 pm
@Michel,
Some supported by the state some supported themselves, either way most of them chose the life, sacrificed material good for another good. On an institutional plane the material femenist argument has merit as it is being adapted to fiscal class, but what of agency in individuals?
 
Aedes
 
Reply Fri 13 Nov, 2009 02:57 pm
@Michel,
Michel;103360 wrote:
my scorn is directed towards the social conditions that prohibit commen people from its study
I have the opposite take on it.

The less privileged you are, the more your attention is devoted to things that are truly important. Family, health, food, making ends meet, love, community, etc, and the philosophy that's important is that which guides one in how to live (i.e. ethics).

Metaphysics is a form of idleness -- it's intentional divestment from the world in front of you. And most people can't afford to be idle.
 
Michel
 
Reply Fri 13 Nov, 2009 09:32 pm
@GoshisDead,
GoshisDead;103370 wrote:
Some supported by the state some supported themselves,


But once they are self-sufficient, then its no longer clear why they have the time to study metaphysics and other people do not. Moreover, it's hard to square that with what Maimonides is saying. He is specifically talking about privileged people and common people.


Quote:
either way most of them chose the life, sacrificed material good for another good
.

Sure, they might have chosen it. But what's that have to do with anything?


Quote:
On an institutional plane the material femenist argument has merit as it is being adapted to fiscal class, but what of agency in individuals?


What about it?

---------- Post added 11-13-2009 at 10:42 PM ----------

Aedes;103371 wrote:
I have the opposite take on it.

The less privileged you are, the more your attention is devoted to things that are truly important. Family, health, food, making ends meet, love, community, etc, and the philosophy that's important is that which guides one in how to live (i.e. ethics).

Metaphysics is a form of idleness -- it's intentional divestment from the world in front of you. And most people can't afford to be idle.



We disagree. The less privileged you are, the less chance you have at eating properly, making ends meet and effectively contributing to your community. For example, we can see that a proper diet would be increasingly difficult because of a lack of resources to purchase or trade for a proper diet. We can also say that insufficient resources would also impact the medicine you can buy and the doctors you can afford. You seem to glance over this blatantly obvious fact. The problems of making ends meet should not even need argument since it goes hand in hand with being less privileged. Community engagement requires always requires time, and in some cases money and education. These are privileged circumstances because generally people have more primary issues to deal with such like hunger, paying the bills, and so forth.
 
Aedes
 
Reply Fri 13 Nov, 2009 10:05 pm
@Michel,
Michel;103400 wrote:
The less privileged you are, the less chance you have at eating properly, making ends meet and effectively contributing to your community. For example, we can see that a proper diet would be increasingly difficult because of a lack of resources to purchase or trade for a proper diet. We can also say that insufficient resources would also impact the medicine you can buy and the doctors you can afford. You seem to glance over this blatantly obvious fact.
Uh no. You have made the exact point I'm making as well. This is why an occupation of idleness, like pontificating about dualism or about infinite causality, is of little interest to someone who is disadvantaged.

I do not agree with Maimonides (whom I admire greatly) that metaphysics should be a privileged art. On the other hand, that quote should not be taken out of the context of Guide for the Perplexed. Maimonides was a theologian. Maimonides was the Jewish Aristotelian, just as Aquinas was for Christianity and Avicenna was for Islam. The Guide was a document largely about how rationality will lead you to God. In other words, metaphysics was a critical endeavor because it was the substructure of religion.

But you know, the guy died 800 years ago and the intellectual esteem of metaphysics isn't quite the same these days. And metaphysics falls pretty low on the priority list of people who live hard lives.
 
Michel
 
Reply Sat 14 Nov, 2009 12:51 am
@Michel,
Aedes;103402 wrote:
Uh no. You have made the exact point I'm making as well. This is why an occupation of idleness, like pontificating about dualism or about infinite causality, is of little interest to someone who is disadvantaged.


It need not be of little interest. It's just a pursuit that a person is unable to take.

It appears as though I have misinterpreted you but I still think you're wrong as far as the person-community relationship goes. I mentioned why already. I also think that it's silly and outlandish to claim that the less privileged someone is, the more of his devotion goes to family and love.



Quote:
I do not agree with Maimonides (whom I admire greatly) that metaphysics should be a privileged art. On the other hand, that quote should not be taken out of the context of Guide for the Perplexed. Maimonides was a theologian. Maimonides was the Jewish Aristotelian, just as Aquinas was for Christianity and Avicenna was for Islam
.

Are you implying that I took him out of context?


Quote:
The Guide was a document largely about how rationality will lead you to God. In other words, metaphysics was a critical endeavor because it was the substructure of religion.
OK.




Quote:
But you know, the guy died 800 years ago and the intellectual esteem of metaphysics isn't quite the same these days. And metaphysics falls pretty low on the priority list of people who live hard lives.


OK.

No offence, but I'm not sure what the last 3 quotes of yours add to this discussion.
 
Aedes
 
Reply Sat 14 Nov, 2009 07:28 am
@Michel,
Yes, you are taking his quote out of context. You're looking at the quote without asking yourself what metaphysics means in the context of his society vs ours, and more importantly what it means within the document in which it appears.

What my quotes add to the discussion is an idea of what Maimonides actually meant in his own context. It makes no sense to agree or disagree with him if you haven't even explored what he meant.
 
jgweed
 
Reply Sat 14 Nov, 2009 08:01 am
@Michel,
Michel;103360 wrote:


The general person just does not have enough time to tackle these issues because he is burdened with longer work hours, debt, and whatever else that keeps this consumer culture in operation. ***** They are systematically burdened, and such burdened is intended because it keeps certain classes in power and other classes out of power. It's not at all a coincidence that in the West, white men dominate politics, religion and philosophy.


It may be that the duties of life make such paths difficult, but it does not take a Samuel Smiles to point out that they do not make it impossible, if the desire is there. It is possible for a woman to be born in the projects and end up sitting in the Supreme Court; I would think that one were to poll the Members of this community, one would find many who work, raise a family, keep up the yard, and do charity work.

And to suggest that this is intended, presumably by the "power classes" or "white men," seems---without any sort of warrant or explanation about how a select group of people can intend anything---unreasonable, especially in today's world.
 
Michel
 
Reply Sat 14 Nov, 2009 12:12 pm
@Aedes,
Aedes;103425 wrote:
Yes, you are taking his quote out of context. You're looking at the quote without asking yourself what metaphysics means in the context of his society vs ours, and more importantly what it means within the document in which it appears.


I examined your posts and I don't see where the relevance is. Even if i grant your point, it does not have any bearing on my argument. Or at least I don't see any relevance.



Quote:
What my quotes add to the discussion is an idea of what Maimonides actually meant in his own context. It makes no sense to agree or disagree with him if you haven't even explored what he meant.


It really does not matter what he meant by the word metaphysics. What matters is that, whatever it is, it is privileged knowledge.
 
Aedes
 
Reply Sat 14 Nov, 2009 12:23 pm
@Michel,
Michel;103472 wrote:
I examined your posts and I don't see where the relevance is. Even if i grant your point, it does not have any bearing on my argument. Or at least I don't see any relevance.
Perhaps this is the problem with metaphysics -- its inability to connect with planet earth. You are taking the subject of metaphysics as mentioned in a statement written nearly a millenium ago, ignoring the fact that the context was different, and even when I spell it out plainly you fail to appreciate its relevance.

Michel;103472 wrote:
It really do not matter what he meant by metaphysics. What matters is that, whatever it is, it is privileged knowledge.
Of course it matters what he meant. If someone makes the statement "Metaphysics is privileged knowledge", the meaning of that statement is contingent upon what the speaker means by metaphysics, what they mean by privileged, what they mean by knowledge, and even what they mean by is.
 
Michel
 
Reply Sat 14 Nov, 2009 12:55 pm
@jgweed,
jgweed;103429 wrote:
It may be that the duties of life make such paths difficult, but it does not take a Samuel Smiles to point out that they do not make it impossible, if the desire is there. It is possible for a woman to be born in the projects and end up sitting in the Supreme Court; I would think that one were to poll the Members of this community, one would find many who work, raise a family, keep up the yard, and do charity work.


I'm not going to disagree with you because it would be indefensible and I'd look intransigent. No one here has denied the possibility of it nor was its possibility ever in question. That you are trying to take this discussion to a question of possibility rather than plausibility serves my point, I think.




Quote:
And to suggest that this is intended, presumably by the "power classes" or "white men," seems---without any sort of warrant or explanation about how a select group of people can intend anything---unreasonable, especially in today's world.



An intentional action does not have to be some wholly conscious decision. We all have gender scripts and racial scripts that are encouraged and reinforced. Women are supposed to act in a certain why or theyre butches, whores, or prudes. Men are supposed to act a certain way or theyre wimps, weak, and emasculate. One only needs to take a look at major US cities to see that racial divisions reinforced and encouraged; a quick glance at urban cities will reveal a city geographically and racially divided by race, or certain US towns in the south to seperate schools dances for black students and white students. Or all one needs to do is watch the media influences on the mindset of the black male. They are learn that until recently black men were race enslaved by white men; they are treated as criminals within their own community by the police; the media highlights the social norm as white; the media highlights intellectual success as something for white men; they see success and power is visibly located in white groups; their communites possess a greater social disparity than white communites, etc. It goes on and on. All of these features do not just happen, they are reinforced and encouraged. Let me ask you: Do you think it's a coincidence that all of these things exist and serve to keep white men in power?

Or if you want to see actions with greater consciousness, take a look at the state and corporate propaganda to keep citizens from actively participating in politics, or social change or active democracy. Edward Bernays' Propaganda is a good place to start. And I don't think that pointing to some politican telling people to vote is going to change anything because the US is a polyarchy. It's the illusion of democracy with power shifting between a few select groups.

---------- Post added 11-14-2009 at 02:01 PM ----------

Aedes;103476 wrote:
Perhaps this is the problem with metaphysics -- its inability to connect with planet earth. You are taking the subject of metaphysics as mentioned in a statement written nearly a millenium ago, ignoring the fact that the context was different, and even when I spell it out plainly you fail to appreciate its relevance.



Even if the context is different, you need to explain why it is relevantly different. I don't see where you have done this...at all.

Quote:
Of course it matters what he meant. If someone makes the statement "Metaphysics is privileged knowledge", the meaning of that statement is contingent upon what the speaker means by metaphysics, what they mean by privileged, what they mean by knowledge, and even what they mean by is.


My statement declared that it makes no difference what he meant by the word metaphysics; I said nothing about the word privilege. If you think that he is understanding the word privilege differently than I am, or in some idiosyncratic way, then you need to argue that. I don't see where you have.
 
Aedes
 
Reply Sat 14 Nov, 2009 01:12 pm
@Michel,
Michel wrote:
Even if the context is different, you need to explain why it is relevantly different. I don't see where you have done this...at all.
You keep saying how you've read what I've written, but not with any comprehension.

I've offered useful arguments as to why metaphysics would be understood differently by Maimonides than by you, so your metaphysics and his metaphysics are likely something different. I've studied Maimonides enough to somewhat illuminate why his 11th century perspective might lend different meaning to that sentence. But you seem like a rather unfriendly person and you're more interested in being dismissive than being conversational, so I think I'll step away from your thread and go talk to the wall instead.
 
xris
 
Reply Sat 14 Nov, 2009 01:27 pm
@Aedes,
Privilege also incurs the necessity for it to be brought to your attention. Many live in ignorance of its existance and it remains therefor a secret to many. Is that fault of theirs or the society that classifies it as a higher aim in society. It is by its very mention an academic insular world of self serving thinkers. It is only with age do i even dare question the fundamental objectives of this academic process. It still lies outside of the common mans realm of interest,is it their problem or the professional philosophers? is it a problem?
 
Michel
 
Reply Sat 14 Nov, 2009 01:31 pm
@Aedes,
Aedes;103488 wrote:
You keep saying how you've read what I've written, but not with any comprehension.


Well, the 'lack of compehension' claim is no claim of mine. It seems to be some superadded claim or it is of your own judgement. As I see it, the problem does not rest on my comprehension skills, as you'd like to believe, but with your argument.


Quote:
I've offered useful arguments as to why metaphysics would be understood differently by Maimonides than by you, so your metaphysics and his metaphysics are likely something different.


Right, and I agree. I just don't see why that the difference is relevant to my point. It's not enough to argue for a mere difference; it has to be a difference which somehow impacts my point. In other words, it has to be a relevant difference.

Quote:
I've studied Maimonides enough to somewhat illuminate why his 11th century perspective might lend different meaning to that sentence.
I'm sure you have. Again, I don't see why this is relevant for the abovementioned reason.
 
 

 
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