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You are right, he does not mention ignorance, though he also neglects to stipulate that the two opposing ideas are to be held with an equal degree of belief. He says "to hold two opposed ideas in the mind", there is no mention of believing them to any degree, only that one can consider both sides of an issue.
Kind of the like the idea in science that if there are two laws the explain something, both of them have equal merit, then the simplest of the two is usually the better choice and we chose that.
Hacks do not write books like East of Eden, the Grapes of Wrath, or Of Mice and Men. Damn fine novelists do.
What does it mean to "hold... ideas in the mind"? To believe them, to consider them, to know the basic premises of the idea?
What is meant by "function"?
To the philosopher, these questions are ones which must be asked; to the novelist, they are not questions for the author to address, rather, they are for the reader's contemplation.
The early 20th century writer, F. Scott Fitzgerald, once wrote:
"The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in the mind at the same time and still retain the ability to function."
According to Ernest Hemingway, Fitzgerald was a drunk who couldn't hold his liquor, and had submitted himself to a long-standing abusive marriage with Fitzgerald's wife, Zelda (read The Sun Also Rises and A Movable Feast by Hemingway for confirmation).
Clearly, there was something about Fitzgerald that attracted people, besides the financial backing of book publishers, or else Hemingway and others wouldn't have maintained friendships with him despite Fitz's often self-destructive behavior. Hemingway especially seemed consistently concerned that Fitz was wasting his gift for writing.
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But the question at hand is the quote itself- is it wisdom or is it one of those quotes that sounds profound when spoken by a character on TV at a dramatic moment or used as an excuse to do something one wouldn't ordinarily do (hypocrisy).
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It struck me as profound when I first encountered the quote. Of course, I was on drugs (often) during that time, so it appealed to my belief that I could still function while on drugs while still influenced by past, un-drugged experiences and upbringing. It also nicely fueled my narcissism, thinking I had a "first-rate" intelligence.
All in all, it seems nothing more than a shocker, devoid of real substance or precedent.
If we really wanted to examine the quote logically, we'd have to first determine what exactly is "a first-rate intelligence", if it even exists, and most importantly, why is this specific set of circumstances- holding two opposing ideas in one's mind at the same time, the test to prove its existance. Furthermore, wouldn't three opposing ideas be an even larger indicator of a first-rate intelligence?
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As one gets older, one gets exposed to more and more opposing ideas, and in order to continue to function, which demands action of some sort, one must favor one idea over the other. This is called selling-out, compromising, or hypocrisy. I don't see how it could be called "the test of a first-rate intelligence", otherwise everyone over 40 would have a first-rate intelligence, and then what would be first-rate about it?
I know nothing of a 'first rate intelligence', but I have experienced moments of so many perspectives that I could take no stance on the matter. Couldn't speak at all!
If you couldn't speak, then you couldn't function, and therefore those moments of "so many perspectives" (i.e. high as hell) don't count as "first-rate intelligence".
I'm sure that any 'mute' people that read this will appreciate your comment.. *__-
If I can't speak at the moment, that equates, in your mind, that I can in no way 'function' (or is it simply my speech function that is momentarily nonfunctional... and is that worse than blathering from ignorance?)?
It is hard to imagine that you, or about everyone else, has not experienced this phenomenon at least once. It cannot be that uncommon. How well does your excretory system 'function' while you sleep (on 'hold' I hope... nonfunctional).
Our apparent 'functions' are very limited in any moment.
One's thought process does not 'function' during meditation, yet one can go through the day 'functioning very nicely indeed.
So, you contend that one functions best with least perspective/knowledge/memory?
I guess that there are moments where that might be true. You don't want a cop to be thinking too hard, or the perp wikk escape/kill him while lost in thought.
Yes, it seems that no one is 'fully functional' in every moment. For a good reason, eh? I guess that you might have a very 'personal' understanding of 'function'.
In response to your comment; (i.e. high as hell), let me point out that:
"Francis Crick, the Nobel Prize-winning father of modern genetics, was under the influence of LSD when he first deduced the double-helix structure of DNA nearly 50 years ago." He said that it helped him to transcend his mundane mind and let his genius roam free. His friends knew, at the time, but the 'establishment' was no different then they are today; ossified, judgemental, entrenched fascista and he kept quiet... as did his druggie friends (fellow scientists and thinkers and artists..).
(see: Nobel Prize genius Crick was high on LSD
when he discovered the secret of life
By Alun Rees) Your judgemental attempt at discreditation only evidences your own ignorance on the 'place' of entheogens with what is accepted as 'creative genius'.
Your judgemental attempt at discreditation only evidences your own ignorance on the 'place' of entheogens with what is accepted as 'creative genius'.
Again and again some people in the crowd wake up,
They have no ground in the crowd,
And they emerge according to much broader laws.
They carry strange customs with them
And demand room for bold gestures.
The future speaks ruthlessly through them."
Rainer Maria Rilke
"Each progressive spirit is opposed by a thousand mediocre minds appointed to guard the past."
-Maurice Maeterlinck
We can't all be 'first rate intelligences', eh? A mixed blessing at best...
nameless wrote::I'm sure that any 'mute' people that read this will appreciate your comment.. *__-
Typically, mute people are not temporarily verbally paralyzed from "so many perspectives".
Fitz wasn't talking about them, he was talking about people who can care and not care at the same time.
Quote:If I can't speak at the moment, that equates, in your mind, that I can in no way 'function' (or is it simply my speech function that is momentarily nonfunctional... and is that worse than blathering from ignorance?)?
Well, if you're operating a machine or something, I suppose you could "have so many perspectives" that you could function without communicating. You would probably turn the lever the wrong way, though.
Quote:It is hard to imagine that you, or about everyone else, has not experienced this phenomenon at least once. It cannot be that uncommon. How well does your excretory system 'function' while you sleep (on 'hold' I hope... nonfunctional).
You seem to have absolutely no understanding of the meaning of Fitz's quote. He's not talking about separate organ functions, he's talking about general function of a human being in society while holding two opposing ideas in one's head.
Quote:Our apparent 'functions' are very limited in any moment.
Not a general function. For Fitz, his function was "writer". Even when he's sleeping, he was still a writer. He needed to sleep some times so he could write at other times.
Quote:So, you contend that one functions best with least perspective/knowledge/memory?
Who said that? You're the one that just said you could go through a day "nicely" while meditating.
Perspective, knowledge and memory are all important for functioning well.
The tricky part, as Fritz points out, is if you have conflicting world-views (he was really talking about two opposing overall perspectives- imagine having your view of yourself, others and the world constantly being pulled from two opposite directions).
Quote:I guess that there are moments where that might be true. You don't want a cop to be thinking too hard, or the perp will escape/kill him while lost in thought.
According to Fitz, if a cop believed in law and order and anarchy equally, at the same time, consistently, and still did his job, then this cop would have "first-rate intelligence". That's how I understand the quote, anyway.
Quote:In response to your comment; (i.e. high as hell), let me point out that:
"Francis Crick, the Nobel Prize-winning father of modern genetics, was under the influence of LSD when he first deduced the double-helix structure of DNA nearly 50 years ago." He said that it helped him to transcend his mundane mind and let his genius roam free. His friends knew, at the time, but the 'establishment' was no different then they are today; ossified, judgemental, entrenched fascista and he kept quiet... as did his druggie friends (fellow scientists and thinkers and artists..).
(see: Nobel Prize genius Crick was high on LSD
when he discovered the secret of life
By Alun Rees) Your judgemental attempt at discreditation only evidences your own ignorance on the 'place' of entheogens with what is accepted as 'creative genius'.
Actually, it just seems I was right that you like to use drugs.
It's also not relevant to the thread, because Fitz wasn't talking about the effects of drugs on your perspective, he was talking about moral and ethical perspectives.
Quote:Again and again some people in the crowd wake up,
They have no ground in the crowd,
And they emerge according to much broader laws.
They carry strange customs with them
And demand room for bold gestures.
The future speaks ruthlessly through them."
Rainer Maria Rilke
"Each progressive spirit is opposed by a thousand mediocre minds appointed to guard the past."
-Maurice Maeterlinck
I like the quotes. They're not relevant.
I'm not opposing you because the future is speaking ruthlessly through you. I'm opposing you in this thread because you're making bad arguments.
Quote:We can't all be 'first rate intelligences', eh? A mixed blessing at best...
What is this supposed to mean?
Nonsense. I can hold no thought at all and operate machinery. What you are saying makes no logical sense at all.
More nonsensical 'attachments'. When he is writing, he is a writer. When he is sleeping, he is a sleeper. Not a difficult concept. What sort of 'damaged brain' cannot understand this?
Perspective=knowledge=memory
Quote:Unless you have experience hereThe tricky part, as Fritz points out, is if you have conflicting world-views (he was really talking about two opposing overall perspectives- imagine having your view of yourself, others and the world constantly being pulled from two opposite directions).
I understand that is how you interpret the quote.
I 'interpret' it as meaning that a first rate intelligence is the 'intelligence' that is capable of maintaining 'perspectives' of many shapes and flavors. A 'mediocre' intelligence is, therefore, one that is 'limited' to one single perspective.
Actually, you display your third-rate intelligence by that remark. I never spoke personally, yet you seem to think that your dismissive attempted ad-hominem is sone sort of valid 'argument' or makes some sort of 'valid point', it does not.
Ah, new additions in the equation. That won't save your spurious argument. Now you claim that he was speaking morally and ethically. More idle speculation? Care to link me to his actual words in (context) support of your assertion?
Nevertheless, my point remains valid and is supportable. You seem to be floundering and sputtering as if my perspective somehow threatens your 'beliefs'.
And I didn't bring up the pathetic drug reference, you were grasping for anything to float your ship of dreams, the drug reference fails.
I know nothing of a 'first rate intelligence', but I have experienced moments of so many perspectives that I could take no stance on the matter. Couldn't speak at all!
It seems that the more 'limited' one's perspective (knowledge/memory) on a matter, the more that one has to say about it.
Enough said.
*__-